|
|subdivision_type1 = State |subdivision_name1 = |subdivision_type2 = County |subdivision_name2 = Bronx |subdivision_type3 = City |subdivision_name3 = New York City |seat_type = |seat = |parts_type = |parts_style = |parts = |p1 = |p2 = |government_footnotes = |government_type = Borough (New York City) |leader_title = Borough President |leader_name = Rubén Díaz, Jr. (D) — ''(Borough of the Bronx)'' |leader_title1 = District Attorney |leader_name1 = Robert T. Johnson — ''(Bronx County)'' |established_title = Borough created |established_date = 1898 (County in 1914) |named_for = Jonas Bronck |demonym = Bronxite |official_flower = the Tiger Lily (Day Lily) |area_magnitude = |unit_pref = imperial |area_footnotes = |area_total_sq_mi = 57 |area_land_sq_mi = 42 |area_water_sq_mi = 15 |area_water_percent = 27 |elevation_footnotes = http://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=7110 "Bronx High Point" at Peakbagger.com |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = |elevation_max_m = |elevation_max_ft = 280 |elevation_min_m = |elevation_min_ft = |population_as_of = July 1, 2014 |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total = 1,438,159〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/36/36005.html )〕 |population_density_sq_mi = 34241.9 |Demonym = Bronxite, Bronxer |timezone = Eastern Standard Time (North America) |utc_offset = -5 |timezone_DST = Eastern Daylight Time |utc_offset_DST = -4 |latd=40 |latm=50 |lats=14 |latNS=N |longd=73 |longm=53 |longs=10 |longEW=W |postal_code_type = ZIP code prefix |postal_code = 104 |area_code = 347, 718, 917. 646. |website = (Official website of the Bronx Borough President ) |footnotes = }} The Bronx is the northernmost of the five boroughs of New York City in the U.S. state of New York, located south of Westchester County. Many bridges and tunnels link the Bronx to the island and borough of Manhattan to the west over and under the narrow Harlem River, as well as three longer bridges south over the East River to the borough of Queens. Of the five boroughs, the Bronx is the only one on the U.S. mainland and, with a land area of and a population of 1,438,159 in 2014,〔 has the fourth largest land area, the fourth highest population, and the third-highest population density.〔New York State Department of Health, (''Population, Land Area, and Population Density by County, New York State - 2010'' ), retrieved on August 8, 2015.〕 The Bronx is divided by the Bronx River into a hillier section in the west, closer to Manhattan, and a flatter eastern section, closer to Long Island. East and west street addresses are divided by Jerome Avenue—the continuation of Manhattan's Fifth Avenue. The West Bronx was annexed to New York City in 1874, and the areas east of the Bronx River in 1895.〔 Bronx County was separated from New York County in 1914.〔On the start of business for Bronx County: (Bronx County In Motion. New Officials All Find Work to Do on Their First Day. ) ''The New York Times'', January 3, 1914 (PDF retrieved on June 26, 2008): :"Despite the fact that the new Bronx County Court House is not completed there was no delay yesterday in getting the court machinery in motion. All the new county officials were on hand and the County Clerk, the District Attorney, the Surrogate, and the County Judge soon had things in working order. The seal to be used by the new county was selected by County Judge Louis D. Gibbs. It is circular. In the centre is a seated figure of Justice. To her right is an American shield and over the figure is written 'Populi Suprema.' ..." :"Surrogate George M. S. Schulz, with his office force, was busy at the stroke of 9 o'clock. Two wills were filed in the early morning, but owing to the absence of a safe they were recorded and then returned to the attorneys for safe keeping. ..." :"There was a rush of business to the new County Clerk's office. Between seventy-five and a hundred men applied for first naturalization papers. Two certificates of incorporation were issued, and seventeen judgments, seven lis pendens, three mechanics' liens and one suit for negligence were filed." :"Sheriff O'Brien announced several additional appointments."〕 Although the Bronx is the third most densely populated county in the U.S.,〔 about a quarter of its area is open space,〔 including Woodlawn Cemetery, Van Cortlandt Park, Pelham Bay Park, the New York Botanical Garden and the Bronx Zoo in the borough's north and center, on land deliberately reserved in the late 19th century as urban development progressed northwards and eastwards from Manhattan with the building of roads, bridges and railways. The Bronx is named after Jonas Bronck who created the first settlement as part of the New Netherland colony in 1639. The native Lenape were displaced after 1643 by settlers. In the 19th and 20th centuries, the Bronx received many immigrant groups as it was transformed into an urban community, first from various European countries (particularly Ireland, Germany and Italy) and later from the Caribbean region (particularly Puerto Rico, Jamaica and the Dominican Republic), as well as African American migrants from the American South.〔Braver (1998)〕 This cultural mix has made the Bronx a wellspring of both Latin music and hip hop. The Bronx contains one of the five poorest Congressional Districts in the U.S., the 15th, but its wide diversity also includes affluent, upper-income and middle-income neighborhoods such as Riverdale, Fieldston, Spuyten Duyvil, Schuylerville, Pelham Bay, Pelham Gardens, Morris Park and Country Club.〔〔 The Bronx, particularly the South Bronx, saw a sharp decline in population, livable housing, and the quality of life in the late 1960s and the 1970s, culminating in a wave of arson. Since then the communities have shown significant redevelopment starting in the late 1980s before picking up pace in the 1990s into today.〔See the "Historical Populations" table in History above and its sources.〕 ==History== European colonization of the Bronx began in 1639. The Bronx was originally part of Westchester County, but it was ceded to New York County in fragments before it became Bronx County. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「The Bronx」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|